Class actions have become a key element of the Canadian civil justice system. Building on the tradition of public interest litigation, they seek to promote access to justice, judicial economy, and behaviour modification, while supporting traditional procedural values. The interface between these aspirations has generated considerable interest and debate among practitioners and academics alike. In this seminar, we welcome a series of leading counsel and judges to discuss with us topics such as the roles of class counsel and defence counsel, and related ethical issues; costs (who should pay and when and how much) and principles of funding and financing; the role of court-approved settlements in maximizing value for the class; the role of the representative plaintiff and the ways in which the interests of the class can best be served; and parallel and overlapping cross-border class actions. This is an excellent seminar for those considering a career in civil litigation and for those interested in the way class actions are transforming the role of civil justice in society.
Course or Seminar Category: Tort and Private Law (other than Property and Contracts)
Restitution
The law of restitution is the third branch – in addition to contract and tort – of the common law of obligations. An understanding of restitutionary doctrine is vitally important for potential litigators and commercial lawyers. Restitutionary issues can, however, arise in virtually every legal area. This course covers a number of topics – such as fiduciary obligation and constructive trust – that feature prominently in contemporary litigation both in commercial matters and in other aspects of private law, including family law.
The course organizes these materials in terms of a unifying theory of unjust enrichment and examines the relationship of restitution with the more familiar doctrines of tort, contract and property law. In so doing, the course fills in a number of gaps left by the first year contracts course and offers the student an overview of the entire field of civil liability.
Placing particular emphasis on Canadian materials which adopt the unjust enrichment theory, the course examines the more common instances of restitutionary recovery, benefits conferred under mistake, fraud or compulsion, in circumstances of necessity, or under transactions that are ineffective for such reasons as informality, incapacity, illegality, mistake, undue influence, unconscionability, frustration or breach. As well, consideration is given to the recovery of benefits acquired through wrongdoing whether criminal, tortious or in breach of a fiduciary duty.
Legal Governance of Health Care
This course will focus on the legal frameworks (statutory and common law) governing health care delivery. Topics covered may include the following general areas: federal and provincial jurisdiction over health care, civil liability of practitioners and institutions, professional self-regulation, access to health services, regulation of hospitals, and public health law. When examining these broad topics, we may consider bioethical principles that underlie the relevant law, protections for privacy in health information, impacts on persons with disabilities, and problems of discrimination in the provision of health services.
Environmental Law
This course is an introduction to Canadian environmental law. Major issues in environmental law are brought to life via guest lectures, videos, and exercises drawn from real-world environmental controversies. Course topics will include legislative jurisdiction and federalism; economic instruments of regulation; pollution regulation and regulatory instrument choice; toxic substances; environmental compliance and enforcement; public participation and environmental rights; judicial review of administrative action; common law environmental actions; endangered species law; and environmental/impact assessment and indigenous engagement.
Additional principles and experiences will be gleaned from inherently related matters including indigenous issues, environmental sciences, natural resources and waste management, land use planning and brownfield development, and environmental case law.
By the end of this course, students should be able to:
• understand the jurisdictional framework and core principles of environmental law in
Canada;
• understand the sources of federal, provincial and local environmental law in Canada, including key legislation, regulatory instruments, and court decisions and assess the effectiveness of the environmental legal regimes
• understand the structure and operation of the main agencies and institutions that
play roles in the development and implementation of environmental law in Canada;
• understand and anticipate the Canadian regulatory response to various environmental phenomena, including advancements in technology and science, project development, or discharges/spills into the natural environment;
• advance or respond to environmental civil litigation, including understanding primary causes of action and the nature of environmental harms and damages; and
• examine selected case studies of environmental law in Canada in order
to understand the political/economical/societal dimensions of environmental regulation.
Conflict of Laws
In a world of cross-border communication, trade and travel, crossborder disputes arise in every field of private law. A good understanding of the subject is vital for most careers in legal practice and scholarship and it provides an important foundation for the study of other international law subjects. Once based on arcane principles and complex doctrines, the conflict of laws has changed dramatically over the years to facilitate the flow of products, wealth and skills across borders and to ensure that disputes with connections to other provinces and countries are resolved fairly.
This course provides a solid grounding on the basic questions of whether a court has authority to decide a dispute and whether it should exercise that authority; what effect the court should give to the judgments of courts in other provinces or countries; and which law a court should apply to determine the issues in dispute. Also considered are the particular rules that have been developed for key areas of private law.
The rules applied by Canadian common law courts are compared with the rules applied in other common law countries — the United States, Québec, and Europe. This course also addresses the special rules that apply in federal and regional systems.